The photovoltaic effect whereby solar energy is converted to electrical energy was first discovered by Becquerel in a liquid electrolyte. All photovoltaic materials have discontinuities or marked ...

The automobile is a tough venue for today’s electronics. Supply voltages can range from 12 to 16 V, depending on battery charge state. On top of that are the spikes and ac noise coming out of the ...

Fault current limiters (FCLs) serve as essential protective devices within modern power systems, mitigating the potentially damaging effects of fault currents. By dynamically increasing their ...