New molecular and bioinformatic approaches have advanced understanding of how molecular pathways are affected by exposure and the molecular networks involved in disease. However, these advances are ...

Animals have to act despite limited sensory information because of factors such as interfering background noise or occluded vision. Thus, the ability to estimate the current state of the outside world ...

For many decades, neuroscientists understood the brain as a 'stimulus–response' organ, consisting of individual neurons that lie dormant until stimulated. In this traditional model, learning and ...