Growth extent and direction determine cell and whole-organ architecture. How they are spatio-temporally modulated to control size and shape is not well known. Here we tackled this question by studying ...

The key to three-dimensional plant architecture lies in precise control over the orientation of cell division. Plant cells divide periclinally to grow radially—leading to thickening—while anticlinal ...

Complex multicellular organisms depend on oxygen for growth and development 1. Oxygen is required for ATP production through cellular respiration, and its scarcity poses a significant challenge to ...