Background Risk factors among overhead athletes have been investigated in many studies. The rotator cuff external rotator weakness is associated with an increased probability of substantial shoulder ...

This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they ...

Background Recently, a novel reliable and valid protocol has been described for the measurement of eccentric strength of the external rotators of the shoulder, using a Hand Held Dynamometer (HHD).

Four muscles and their tendons make up the rotator cuff; they smooth arm motion and stabilize the shoulder joint. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis aid the shoulder when ...