The origins of magnetic steel can be traced back to the 18 th century when scientists began experimenting with iron alloys. In 1820, Hans Christian Oersted's accidental discovery of electromagnetism ...

The field of ultrafast magnetism explores how flashes of light can manipulate a material's magnetization in trillionths of a second. In the process called all-optical switching (AOS), a single laser ...

Electrons inherently carry both spin and orbital angular momentum (i.e., properties that help to understand the rotating motions and behavior of particles). While some physicists and engineers have ...